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Study on the Gospel of John Chapter 8

Good4Joy

Jews’ test on Jesus continues as Jesus' teaching continues. Jesus taught them about he is the light, Son of God, and God. And as sinners they must believe in him, the truth so they can be free from the bondage of sins.

Outline and Exposition

The Woman caught in adultery (1-11)

(1) Mount of Olives: it faced the Temple Mount and, being about 2,700 feet high, rose about 200 feet above it

(3) scribes, (NIV) teachers of the law: the Jewish scholars of the day, professionally trained in the development, teaching and application of OT law. Their authority was strictly human and transitional.

caught in adultery: this sin cannot be committed alone, so the question arises as to why only one offender was brought. The incident was staged to trap Jesus (v.6), and provision had been made for the man to escape. The woman’s accusers must have been especially eager to humiliate her, since they could have kept her in private custody while they spoke to Jesus.

(4) caught in the act: mere compromising circumstances were not sufficient evidence; Jewish law required witness who had seen the act.

(5) to stone such women: they altered the law a little. The manner of execution was not prescribed unless the woman was a betrothed virgin. And the law required the execution of both parties, not just the woman.

  • (Deuteronomy 22:22-24) If a man is found sleeping with another man’s wife, both the man who slept with her and the woman must die. You must purge the evil from Israel. If a man happens to meet in a town a virgin pledged to be married and he sleeps with her, you shall take both of them to the gate of that town and stone them to death

(6) they might have some charge to bring against him: The Romans did not allow the Jews to carry out death sentences. so if Jesus had said to stone her, he could have been in conflict with the Romans. If he had said not to stone her, he could have been accused of being unsupportive of the law.

  • (John 18:31) Pilate said to them, “Take him yourselves and judge him by your own law.” The Jews said to him, “It is not lawful for us to put anyone to death.”

wrote with his finger on the ground: (a) this would seem to recall the the tablets of the law were inscribed in stone “by the finger of God” (Exodus 31:18) and may suggest that the accusation against the woman by contrast is a ephemeral as something written in the dust by Jesus’ finger. (b) Some believe that He was writing the Pharisees names and possibly their sins. This theory is based primarily on Jeremiah 17:13: “Those who depart from Me shall be written in the earth, because they have forsaken the Lord, the fountain of living waters.” In the preceding chapter from John, Jesus spoke of Himself as living water. So perhaps He was fulfilling a prophecy.

(11) from now on sin no more: Jesus didn't endorse sins but wants sinners to repent; turn around from sins

I am the Light of the World (12-30)

(14) Even if I do bear witness about myself, my testimony is true, for I know where I came from and where I am going, but you do not know where I come from or where I am going.: Jesus made two points: (a) he was qualified to bear testimony, whereas the Pharisees were not; (b) he knew both his origin and his destination, whereas they knew neither

(15) The judgment of the Pharisees was limited and worldly. In the sense they meant, Jesus made it clear that he did not judge at all; he didn’t judge according to the flesh. In the proper sense, of course, he did judge (v. 26).

(16-18) Jesus’ second point was that his testimony was not unsupported. The Father was with him, so he and the Father were the two witnesses required by the law (Dt 17:6)

(19) If you knew me, you would know my Father also.: John makes it clear that the Word (Jesus) was with God and was God (1:1) and reveals God (1:18). Jesus here stresses that the Father is known through the Son and that to know the one is to know the other (14:7,10-11).

(23) Jesus was certainly in the world, but he was not of the world. However Jews belonged to “this world” - Satan’s domain (1Jn 5:19).

(28) lifted up: the crucifixion

The Truth will set you Free (31-47)

(32) free: freedom from sin, not from ignorance

(33) never been enslaved: appears to be an amazing disregard of their Roman overlords - and their Egyptians, Assyrians, Babylonian, Persian and Syrians overlords as well.

(34) slave to sin: because sinners cannot break free by their own strength

  • (Romans 6:18) having been set free from sin, have become slaves of righteousness

(38) Note the contrasts: “I … you”; “seen … heard”; “my Father … your father.” Not until later (v. 44) did Jesus say who their father was, but it is clear even at this point that it was neither God nor Abraham as they claimed. Their deeds revealed their parentage (39-41).

(43) hear my word: The content. These descendants of Abraham (v. 33) were so convinced of their own preconceptions that they did not really hear and understand what Jesus was saying (v. 47).

(44) You are of your father the devil: Jesus warned his Jewish opponents of the reality of Satan’s murderous and deceitful influence. Their problem was basically spiritual, not intellectual. Being oriented toward Satan, they were bent on murder (v. 37) and eventually would succeed (v. 28)

(46) Which one of you convicts me of sin?: Jesus had a perfectly clear conscience which no man can have.

(48) hear: cf. 10:3-4 But he who enters by the door is the shepherd of the sheep. To him the gatekeeper opens. The sheep hear his voice, and he calls his own sheep by name and leads them out.

(56) my day: all that was involved in the incarnation. Jesus probably was not referring to any one occasion but to Abraham’s general joy in the fulfilling of the purposes of God in the Messiah, by which all nations on earth would receive blessing

Before Abraham was, I am (48-59)

Topical

True Disciples vs. Devil’s children

(30) many believed in him; here seems to mean “made a formal profession of faith.” However their words show that they were not true believer (v. 33, 37).

The true disciples listen and obey Jesus’ commandments.

  • (31) If you abide in my word, you are truly my disciples
  • (1 John 4:6) We are from God. Whoever knows God listens to us; whoever is not from God does not listen to us. By this we know the Spirit of truth and the spirit of error.

And they (will) knows the truth and the truth gives freedom and eternal joy.

But Devil’s children, don’t have faith (39, 46), do works of Devil (41), don’t love Jesus because they don’t love God (42), their desire is of Devil’s (44), and don’t hear the words of God (47).

The Truth

Here the (32) truth is closely connected with Jesus; it is not philosophical truth but the truth that leads to salvation.

  • (John 14:6) Jesus said to him, “I am the way, and the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.
  • (John 16:13-14) When the Spirit of truth comes, he will guide you into all the truth, for he will not speak on his own authority, but whatever he hears he will speak, and he will declare to you the things that are to come. He will glorify me, for he will take what is mine and declare it to you. 
  • (John 17:17) Sanctify them in the truth; your word is truth. 
  • (Ephesians 4:21) the truth is in Jesus

And the truth gives believers freedom from the bondage of sins.

  • the truth will set you free

I am the Light of the World

(58) before Abraham was, I am. And (v. 24) Jesus echoes God’s great affirmation about himself (also see 6:35)

A solemnly emphatic declaration echoing God’s great affirmation in Ex 3:14. Jesus did not say “I was” but “I am” expressing the eternity of his being and his oneness with the Father (see 1:1). With this climatic statement Jesus concludes his speech that began with the related claim, “I am the light of the world”

In previous chapters, we can find Jesus' I am "living water", "bread".

am: In Greek, εἰμί (eimi), I am, exist. The first person singular present indicative; a prolonged form of a primary and defective verb; I exist.

Truly, Truly

In this chapter, we can find Jesus’ emphasis on seriousness of sin, obedience on Him, and His deity.

  • (34) Jesus answered them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, everyone who practices sin is a slave to sin.
  • (51) Truly, truly, I say to you, if anyone keeps my word, he will never see death.”
  • (54) Jesus said to them, “Truly, truly, I say to you, before Abraham was, I am.”

References

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