Study on the Gospel of John Chapter 2

Outline and Exposition

Jesus Changes Water to Wine (1-11)

(1) On the third day, 1. the third day after the previous meeting with Philip and Nathanael or 2. it could mean just after a short trip for there was conventional expression for a short trip “journey of three days”

(1) wedding, the feast was very important and might go on for a week. To fail in proper hospitality was a serious offense.

(1) Cana, west of the Sea of Galilee

(3) When the wine ran out, more than a minor social embarrassment, since the family had an obligation to provide a feast of the socially required standard. People normally drank water or wine, as there was no great variety in beverages.

(4) Woman, the Greek does not have the adjective “Dear” so some translations (e.g., NLT “Dear woman”,) add it because the potentially abrupt “Woman” could be understood as a harsh form of address. One commentator says calling “woman” not “mother” shows that Jesus was declaring that he (now) hear and obey heavenly Father’s but not of flesh mother. Not that he was rude or unkind, because those are not his nature, but because of his deity and his relationship with Father.

(4) My hour has not yet come, Jesus moving inevitably toward the destiny for which he had come: the time of his sacrificial death on the cross. At the crucifixion and resurrection Jesus’ time had truly come (12:23, 27)

(6) rites of purification (NIV, “ceremonial washing”), Jews became ceremonially defiled during the normal circumstances of daily life, and were cleansed by pouring water over the hands. For lengthy feat with many guests a large amount of water was required for this purpose.

(8) master of the banquet, one of the guests charged with serving as master of ceremonies

(11) signs, John always refers to Jesus’ miracles as “signs”, a word emphasizing the significance of the action rather than the marvel.

Jesus Clears the Temple (12-22)

(13) Passover, one of the annual feasts that all Jewish men were required to celebrate in Jerusalem

(17) “Zeal for your house will consume me.” (Ps 69:9)

(20) forty-six years, the temple was not finally completed until A.D. 64. The meaning is that work had been going on for 46 years. Since it had begun 19 or 20 B.C., the year of the vent recorded here is A.D. 27.

Jesus Knows What is in Man (23-25)

(23) name, c.f. Ps 5:11 “those who love your name may exult in you”. The name of the Lord is the manifestation of his character. It has no separate existence apart from the Lord, but is synonymous with the Lord himself in his gracious manifestation and accessibility to his people. Hence the Jerusalem temple is the earthly residence of his name among his people and his people can pray to him by calling on his name. The name of the Lord protects; the Lord saves by his name; and his saving acts testify that his name is near. Accordingly, the godly “trust in” his name, hope in his name, “sing praise” to his name and “rejoice in” his name. Both the “love” and the “fear” that belong alone to God are similarly directed toward his name.

Topical Points

Signs

John always refers to Jesus’ miracles as “signs”, a word emphasizing the significance of the action rather than the marvel (4:54; 6:14; 9:16; 11:47).

8 Signs in John

1. Water turned into wine 2:1-11
2. Official’s son at Capernaum 4:46-54
3. Sick man at pool of Bethesda 5:1-9
4. Feeding of the 5,000 6:6-13
5. Walking on water 6:19-21
6. Man born blind 9:1-7
7. Lazarus 11:1-44
8. Large catch of fish 21:1-11

In chapter 20, 21 John implies Jesus performed many more signs.

Purpose of Signs

Is to (7) manifest his glory (NIV) “revealed his glory”. And his disciples believed in him. See also (1:14) and the purpose of the Gospel of John, (20:31) “These are written so that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name.” They likely also pointed to the fullness of the salvation he came to effect. In his account of Jesus; first display of “his glory” by providing an abundance of wine so that a wedding feast of common folk could be fully celebrated, John probably was testifying that Christ’s saving mission would culminate in the redemption of the creation from all its distresses so that the wine of joy would flow fully, as the prophets had announced:

• (Isa 35:1-2) The wilderness and the dry land shall be glad; the desert shall rejoice and blossom like the crocus; it shall blossom abundantly and rejoice with joy and singing. The glory of Lebanon shall be given to it, the majesty of Carmel and Sharon. They shall see the glory of the Lord, the majesty of our God.
• (Joel 3:18) And in that day the mountains shall drip sweet wine, and the hills shall flow with milk, and all the streambeds of Judah shall flow with water; and a fountain shall come forth from the house of the Lord and water the Valley of Shittim.
• (Am 9:13) “Behold, the days are coming,” declares the Lord, “when the plowman shall overtake the reaper and the treader of grapes him who sows the seed; the mountains shall drip sweet wine, and all the hills shall flow with it.”
• (Ge 49:11) Binding his foal to the vine and his donkey's colt to the choice vine, he has washed his garments in wine and his vesture in the blood of grapes.

My hour

(4) My hour has not yet come.

Accordance with the will of God

• (Mk 1:15) “The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand; repent and believe in the gospel.” - not simply chronological time, but the decisive time for God’s action. With the coming of the kingdom, God was doing something special
• (Ro 5:6) “For while we were still weak, at the right time Christ died for the ungodly.” - the appointed moment in God’s redemptive plan

Several similar expressions scattered through this Gospel:

• (7:6) “My time has not yet come, but your time is always here.” - Jesus moved in accordance with the will of God.
• (7:8) “my time has not yet fully come.” - Jesus was not refusing to go to the Feast, but refusing to go in the way the brothers suggested - as a pilgrim. When he went, it would be to deliver a prophetic message from God, for which he awaited the “My time (NIV, right time)”
• (7:30) “So they were seeking to arrest him, but no one laid a hand on him, because his hour had not yet come.”
• (8:20) “but no one arrested him, because his hour had not yet come.”

Time to be Glorified - Crucifixion and Resurrection

Jesus moving inevitably toward the destiny for which he had come: the time of his sacrificial death on the cross. At the crucifixion and resurrection Jesus’ time had truly come

• (12:23) “The hour has come for the Son of Man to be glorified.” The hour to which everything else led, “to be glorified” - Jesus was speaking about this death on the cross and his subsequent resurrection and exaltation.
• (12:27) “‘Father, save me from this hour? But for this purpose I have come to this hour.” - Jesus faced the prospect of becoming sin (or a sin offering) for sinful people (c.f., 2Co 5:21). He considered praying for God to save him from this death, but refused to pray it, because the very reason he had come was to die.
• (13:1) "Now before the Feast of the Passover, when Jesus knew that his hour had come to depart out of this world to the Father, having loved his own who were in the world, he loved them to the end."
• (16:32) "Behold, the hour is coming, indeed it has come, when you will be scattered, each to his own home, and will leave me alone. Yet I am not alone, for the Father is with me."
• (17:1) "When Jesus had spoken these words, he lifted up his eyes to heaven, and said, “Father, the hour has come; glorify your Son that the Son may glorify you,"
• (2Co 5:21) "For our sake he made him to be sin who knew no sin, so that in him we might become the righteousness of God." - A summary of the gospel. Christ, the only entirely righteous one, at Calvary took our sin upon himself and endured the punishment we deserved, namely, death and separation from God. Thus, by a marvelous exchange, he made it possible for us to receive his righteousness and thereby be reconciled to God. - (1Co 1:30) "And because of him you are in Christ Jesus, who became to us wisdom from God, righteousness and sanctification and redemption,"

Cleansing of the Temple

(14-17)

the Event

This event is recorded in (Matthew 21:12-17), (Mark 11:15-19), (Luke 19:45-47).

In the Synoptics (Mt, Mk and Lk) record a cleansing of the temple toward the end of Jesus’ ministry; in John it takes place during the first few months. Two explanations are possible:

1. There were two cleansing, one a the beginning and the other at the end of Jesus’ public ministry
2. There was only one cleansing, which took place during Passion Week but which John placed at the beginning of his account for theological reasons - to show that God’s judgement was operative through the Messiah from the outset of Jesus’ ministry. However, different details are present in the two accounts (the selling of cattle and sheep in Jn 2:14 the whip in Jn 2:15 and the statements of Jesus in Mt 21:13; Jn 2:16)

Zeal for your house

The religious leaders and followers of them were making money in the temple; they were selling animals for sacrifices. People came to Jerusalem to worship would be forced to buy the animals in the temple because it’s convenient and also the priests could reject the animal people brought. Some said it’d be tens of thousands of people from all over Israel to gather in Jerusalem. Imagine people, animals, sellers, killing animals, selling & buying … the temple should be in mess. And leaders and sellers were making money over that mess; they probably charged way over than market prices on selling animals.

Cleansing of the temple is the most severe things Jesus did in His entire life and they were done against hypocritical worship. As his disciples remembered, (17) “Zeal for your house will consume me.”

(1 Peter 4:17) “For it is time for judgment to begin at the household of God” - we always must exam our heart and discipline ourselves.

Reference

• ESV Biblegateway.com
• 2002 NIV Study Bible (Zondervan)
• John McArthur Sermons

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