"알림: Good4Joy 프로젝트는 위키를 기반으로 하는 독립 웹사이트(good4joy.org)와 네이버 블로그(https://blog.naver.com/love_of_jesus) 두 곳에서 콘텐츠를 제공하려고 계획하고 있습니다. 네이버 블로그에 최근 문서들이 있고, 위키는 후에 업데이트하려고 하니 참고하세요."
Study on the Gospel of John Chapter 3
Jesus teaches the Pharisees named Nicodemus; (7) “You must born again to enter the kingdom of God.” He says, as the most well known Bible verse, (16) “For God so loved the world, that he gave his only Son, that whoever believes in him should not perish but have eternal life.” And chapter 3 finishes with repeating and summarizing Jesus' teaching, (36) “Whoever believes in the Son has eternal life; whoever does not obey the Son shall not see life, but the wrath of God remains on him.”
Outline and Exposition
Jesus Teaches Nicodemus (1-21)
(2) by night - perhaps Nicodemus was afraid to come by day. Or he may have wanted a long talk, which would have been difficult in the daytime with the crowds around Jesus.
(8) The Holy Spirit is sovereign. He works as he pleases in his renewal of human hearts.
(11) we speak of what we know - here “we” might be, (1) Christ & John the baptist, (2) Christ and the whole prophetic company, (3) Three Persons of the blessed Trinity, (4) Christ and disciples
(14) Moses lifted up the serpent - see Nu 21:8-9
(14) must the Son of Man be lifted up - Jesus refers to his crucifixion (see 12:33), but he most likely refers also to his resurrection and ascension into heaven to reign at God’s right hand. (see also 8:28; 12:32; Ac 2:33; 5:31)
(15-16) eternal life - life in living fellowship with God - both now and forever (see v.36)
John the Baptist’s Testimony About Jesus (22-36)
(25) discussion arose - the Dead Sea (Qumran) scrolls show that some Jews were deeply interested in the right way to achieve ceremonial purification
(26) witness - John’s disciples knew that he had testified about Jesus, but they loved their mater and were apparently envious of Jesus’ success
(27) The words are true of both Jesus and John (and of everyone). Both had what God had given them, so there was no place for envy.
(29) bridegroom - the most important man at a wedding referring here to Jesus.
(29) The friend of the bridegroom, who stands and hears him - is there only to help him, which describes the role of John the baptist
(29) rejoices greatly - not because he was on center stage, but because the bridegroom was there. John’s joy was to hear of Jesus’ success
(30) He must increase, but I must decrease. - John the Baptist’s pointed way of reaffirming his subordinate position
(31) He who comes from above, Jesus
(31) He who is of the earth, a general expression that could apply to anyone, but here it particularly refers to John the Baptist
(32) what he has seen and heard, Jesus taught from divine experience
(32) no one, does not mean that no person accepted what he said (see v.33) but that people in general refused his teaching.
(33) seal, when people accept Christ’s testimony, they accept the truth that Jesus came from heaven and that God was acting in him for the world’s salvation. They thereby testify that God is truthful.
(34) he whom God has sent, Jesus
(34) without measure (NIV) without limit, some hold that it is only to Jesus that the Spirit is given without limit. Others take the “he (in Greek)” as a reference to Christ’s giving the Spirit without limit to believers.
(36) has, ethereal life is a present possession, not something the believer will only obtain later
Topical Points
Pharisees
Pharisees were a legalistic and separatistic group who strictly, but often hypocritically, kept the law of Moses and the unwritten “tradition of the elders”.
Pharisees were an elite group of students of the Old Testament Law who obeyed that Law as well as all the rabbinic traditions that grew up around that Law fastidiously. They were the most devoted of all Jews to the Old Testament and every bit of their Jewish tradition.
The Kingdom of God
The “kingdom of God” in the preaching of Jesus as recounted in the Gospels is the reign of God that he brings about through Jesus Christ - i.e., the establishment of God’s rule in the hearts and lives of his people, the overcoming of all the forces of evil, the removal from the world of all the consequences of sin - including death and all that diminishes life - and the creation of a new order of righteousness and peace. The idea of God’ kingdom is central to Jesus’ teaching. Matthew uses as “the kingdom of heaven” (cf. Mt 3:2) for his Gospel’s readers were Jews. The usage of “heaven” reveals the Jewish reverential reluctance to use the name of God. He uses “the kingdom of heaven/God” 50 times in his Gospel.
The realm of salvation, the way to God, forgiveness of sin, eternal life, heaven, blessing in time and eternity—all that is part of the kingdom of salvation; all of that is available only to people who are born from above by a creative act done by God in which they don’t participate.
Born Again & Born of Water and the Spirit
(3), (7) born again - the Greek also may mean “born from above”. Both meanings are consistent with Jesus’ redeeming work (see 1:13)
Five times in this passage we have a reference to being born again, or born from above. The word anothen can be translated “again” or “from above,” and both are applicable. Jesus is saying that for anyone to enter the kingdom of God, the realm of salvation, eternal life, forgiveness of sins, that person must be born from above, born again. This is the doctrine of regeneration, at the very heart of understanding salvation.
born of water and the Spirit - a phrase understood in various ways: 1. It means much the same as “born of the Spirit” (v. 8l cf. Tit 3:5). 2. Water here refers to purification. 3. Water refers to baptism - that of John (1:31) or that of Jesus and his disciple (v. 22; 4:2). 4. Water refers to physical birth, specifically to the water of the amniotic sac (v.6).
(7) You must be born again. - here ‘You’, the Greek is plural. So this assertion applies to everyone, not just Nicodemus. And he says, ‘must’, there are no exceptions.
Son of Man & Son of God
(13) Son of Man - Jesus’ favorite self-designation, most common title for himself, used 81 times in the Gospels and never used by anyone but Jesus there. Elsewhere it is used by Stephen (Ac 7:56) and in John’s vision (Rev 1:13). In Da 7:13-14 the Son of Man is pictured as a heavenly figure who in the end times is entrusted by God with authority, glory and sovereign power.
(16) his only Son - Cf. (Isa 9:6) “For to us a child is born, to us a son is given; and the government shall be upon his shoulder, and his name shall be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.” Here “a son” if referring to the Messianic Son of David - who is also God’s Son.
Mark starts his gospel with (1:1) “The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God.” And God spoke directly from heaven (Mk 1:11) “You are my beloved Son; with you I am well pleased.” (also see 2 Sam 7:14; Jn1:14;18, Ge 22:2, 16; Ro 8:32)
Although delivers are also called “sons” of God (2Co 6:18; Gal 4:4-6), Jesus is God’s Son in a unique sense (see Jn 20:31).
(31) He who comes from above, Jesus, whose heavenly origin meant to much to John. (1Co 15:47) “The first man was from the earth, a man of dust; the second man is from heaven.”
God so loved the world
The great truth that motivated God’s plan of salvation. (1Jn 4:9-10) “In this the love of God was made manifest among us, that God sent his only Son into the world, so that we might live through him. In this is love, not that we have loved God but that he loved us and sent his Son to be the propitiation for our sins.” world - all people on earth, or perhaps all creation. can mean universe, the earth, the people on earth, most people, people opposed to God, or the human system opposed to God’s purpose. John used “world” 78 times in his Gospel and 24 times in his letters; he emphasizes the word by repetition, and moves without explanation from one meaning to another (c.f., 17:14-15)
The wrath of God
As in (v.36), a strong expression, meaning that God is actively opposed to everything evil. The word “wrath” occurs only here in John’s Gospel.
(cf. Ro1:18) “For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who by their unrighteousness suppress the truth.” God’s wrath is not a petulant, irrational burst of revulsion against what is contrary to and opposes his holy nature and will. His wrath is not limited to the end-time judgment of the wicked. Here the wrath of God is his abandonment of the wicked to their sins which suppress the truth. The truth about God revealed in the creation order.
Reference
- Biblegateway.com John 3
- 2002 NIV Study Bible (Zondervan)
- John McArthur Sermons
- BibleHub.com John 3:11
Search: “요한복음”
쿼리 설명에 조건이 비어있습니다.
