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Study on the Gospel of John Chapter 10

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Good4joy (토론 | 기여)님의 2019년 10월 2일 (수) 15:45 판 (→‎Topical)
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In chapter 9 Jesus taught about true blindness and his teaching continues in chapter 10. In chapter 10, we can find Jesus' most revelation of himself. Jesus uses “I am” and teaches who he is. (7) I am the door, (11) I am the good shepherd, (36) I am the Son of God.

Outline and Exposition

The Shepherd and His Flock (1-21)

(3) gatekeeper: in charge of a large sheep pen where several flocks were kept

(4) he goes before them: Palestinian shepherds led their sheep (not drive), and the sheep followed because they knew their own shepherd’s voice

(11) I am: see 6:35

(16) not of this fold: those outside Judaism; gentiles. Here is a glimpse of the future worldwide scope of the church.

one flock, one shepherd: all God’s people have the same Shepherd

(18) I have authority: that Christ would die for his people runs through this section of John’s Gospel. Both the love and the plan of the Father are involved, as well as the authority he gave to the Son. Christ obediently chose to die; otherwise, no one would have had the power to kill him.

The Unbelief of the Jews (22-42)

(22) the Feast of Dedication: Hanukkah, in month of Nov. or Dec.

(25) I told you, and you do not believe.: similar to (8:25). Jesus had told and shown them who he was. However he didn’t directly answered to their questions - unlike he did to Samaritan woman (4:26). This might be because his time was not yet. Also the messiah they were waiting was not Jesus who delivers from their sins but they were waiting for their own kind of messiah (for political or prosperity).

(29) able to: the Father’s power (“hand”) is greater than that of any enemy, making the sheep completely secure

(32) many good works: miracles and deeds (quality of life)

(34) I said, you are gods: Jesus quotes from Ps 82:6; refer to the Judges (leaders, or rulers), whose tasks were divinely appointed

(35) Scripture cannot be broken: Jesus testified to the complete authority and reliability of the OT

(36) If there is any sense in which humans can be spoken of as “gods”, how much more may the term be sued of him whom the Father set apart and sent!

(40) where John had been baptizing: (1:28)

Topical

I am the Door

(9) the door, the one way into salvation. inside there is safety, and one is able to go out and find pasture., i.e., the supply of all needs.

He is the only way. (14:6) Jesus said to him, “I am the way, and the truth, and the life. No one comes to the Father except through me.

Good shepherd vs. False shepherds

In OT (and ancient Near Eastern) concept of “shepherd” symbolizing a royal caretaker of God’s people. God himself was called the “Shepherd of Israel”.

  • (Ps 80:1) Give ear, O Shepherd of Israel, you who lead Joseph like a flock.
  • (Ps 23:1) The Lord is my shepherd; I shall not want.
  • (Isa 40:11) He will tend his flock like a shepherd; he will gather the lambs in his arms;
  • (Eze 34:12) As a shepherd seeks out his flock when he is among his sheep that have been scattered, so will I seek out my sheep, and I will rescue them from all places where they have been scattered on a day of clouds and thick darkness.
  • (Zec 10:2) Therefore the people wander like sheep; they are afflicted for lack of a shepherd.

He had given great responsibility to the leaders (“shepherds”) of Israel, which they failed to respect. God denounced these false shepherds.

  • (Isa 56:9-12) … But they are shepherds who have no understanding; they have all turned to their own way, each to his own gain, one and all. …
  • (Eze 34) … “Son of man, prophesy against the shepherds of Israel; prophesy, and say to them, even to the shepherds, Thus says the Lord God: Ah, shepherds of Israel who have been feeding yourselves! Should not shepherds feed the sheep?  …

And promised to provide the true Shepherd, the Messiah, to care for the sheep.

  • (Eze 34:23) And I will set up over them one shepherd, my servant David, and he shall feed them: he shall feed them and be their shepherd.

Unlike false shepherds, Jesus’ interest is in his sheep, whom he enables to have life to the full.

  • (1:4) In him was life, and the life was the light of men.

The good shepherd (11) lays down his life for the sheep, i.e. he will die for his sheep.

The shepherd and sheep have a deep mutual knowledge (love) - (14) I know my own and my own know me.

And (28) I give them eternal life; (3:16).

False shepherds are (8) all who came before me; like the Pharisees and the chief priests, not the true OT prophets.

  • (Zechariah 11:5) “Those who buy them slaughter them and go unpunished, and those who sell them say, ‘Blessed be the Lord, I have become rich,’ and their own shepherds have no pity on them.”

While Christ’s interest is in his sheep, false shepherd is a (10) thief i.e., his interest is in himself.

And (12) a hired hand, interested in wages, not in the sheep.

His Flock vs. Not

His flock

  • (4) know his voice and follow (love their shepherd)
  • (5) do not listen to stranger’s,

Not His flock

  • (24) don’t believe,
  • (26) are not his sheep; not chosen; their failure to believe arose from what they were
  • hate Jesus (the truth) who is revealing their sins; 31, 39

We can observe the divine so unfathomable truth - predestination (God’s sovereignty & grace) and faith (follow, our responsibility)

I and the Father are one

(30) one: the Greek is neuter - “one thing,” not “one person”. The two are one in essence of nature, but they are not identical persons. This great truth is what warrants Jesus’ “I am” declarations (6:35; 8:24, 58; 17:21-22)

(36) I am the Son of God: having the same essence as God as a son has the same essence as his father; see (3:20)

(38) the Father is in me and I am in the Father

Truly, truly

In Chapter 10, John recorded 2 times of Jesus’ emphasis using “Truly, truly”

  • (1) Truly, truly, I say to you, he who does not enter the sheepfold by the door but climbs in by another way, that man is a thief and a robber. 
  • (7) Truly, truly, I say to you, I am the door of the sheep. 

References

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